Depth of Field: On or Off. Focus Distance: The distance to the object or location you want in-focus (sharp) measured in scene grid units. This is referred to as the Focal Plane. F-Stop: Like a real camera lens, this setting controls the strength of the effect. Lower values increase blur while higher values decrease blur.
The scale is as follows: f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22. The rule of thumb to understand aperture and depth of field is simple: the larger the aperture, the shallower your depth of field is, which means that a smaller portion of your image would be in focus, and vice versa. f-number denotes aperture size.
Experiment with one of the most creative tools in the photographers arsenal. Chris Bray introduces the term depth of field which is defined as what is in foc

Depth of Field is broken up into three layers (or region); Near, Far, and Focal Region. Each of these is processed separately and then later composited together to achieve the final image effect. Objects in the Near and Far layers are always fully blurred. They are blended with the non-blurred scene to achieve the final result.

Per Nikon's depth of field scales, you can get everything from infinity to five feet in focus at f/4 on a 20mm lens, but need f/8 to do it on a 28mm lens. (f/4 x ((28/20)^2) = f/8.) Personally I consider depth of field tables and scales silly. Depth of field isn't absolute; it depends on your attitude, the magnification of the print, viewing

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how to do depth of field